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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=93TT2199>
<title>
Sep. 13, 1993: Marley's Ghost
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Sep. 13, 1993 Leap Of Faith
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MUSIC, Page 73
Marley's Ghost
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Loaded with angry lyrics, a reggae revival is spicing up the
mainstream and heating up the charts
</p>
<p>By GUY GARCIA--With reporting by David E. Thigpen/New York
</p>
<p> There's a whiff of ganja in the air as Ziggy Marley and the
Melody Makers take the stage of Manhattan's Academy theater
under a backdrop of painted African masks. The band launches
into a chugging Jamaican groove, and the young crowd that has
filled the house churns and bobs to the buoyant, upside-down
beat. Midway through the show the Melody Makers break into an
impassioned rendition of the Bob Marley classic I Shot the Sheriff
and then segue into the blistering grind of Head Top, from their
strong new album Joy and Blues. As Ziggy, 24, rekindles his
father's musical spirit and links it to the throbbing rhythms
of the '90s, the listeners cheer and raise their arms in a sign
of Rastafarian affirmation. "I always do a few of my father's
songs," says Marley, who is touring the U.S. and Europe. "His
music is a part of me. It's the same meaning, the same message."
</p>
<p> It is a message people are again ready to hear. After a slump
that lasted for most of the '80s, reggae is thriving in the
studio, on the charts and onstage, spawning a host of hybrids
and new stars as it fuses with rap, soul and pop. UB40's Can't
Help Falling in Love, an infectious remake of Elvis Presley's
1961 hit, was No. 1 on Billboard's Hot 100 singles chart for
the past seven weeks. Also in the Hot 100: Oh Carolina, by dancehall
sensation Shaggy, and Bad Boys, a 1986 Inner Circle tune that
has found new life as the theme song of the TV series Cops.
Earlier this year, Twelve Inches of Snow, the debut album by
the Canadian singer Snow, became the first reggae record to
top the U.S. pop-music charts, and it stayed there for eight
weeks. Billboard, acknowledging reggae's new commercial vitality,
has inaugurated a reggae Top 25 chart.
</p>
<p> Anyone looking for more proof of the revival need only check
out the history of Legend, a compilation of songs by Bob Marley
and the Wailers. Sales of the album, released in 1984, have
recently surged. The record has dominated Billboard's Top Pop
Catalog album chart for an unprecedented 17 weeks, outdrawing
such heavyweights as Pink Floyd's Dark Side of the Moon, Michael
Jackson's Thriller and the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts
Club Band.
</p>
<p> Why is this music suddenly so fashionable again? "Reggae has
been big on college campuses for more than a decade," says Timothy
White, Billboard's editor and author of Catch a Fire: The Life
of Bob Marley. "But a number of forces seem to be converging
now. You have more and more people becoming more aware of the
complexity and diversity of our culture--and with that is
the awareness that reggae is a lot broader and deeper than they
previously thought."
</p>
<p> It was Bob Marley, a poor Jamaican from Kingston's Trenchtown
slum, who brought reggae to international prominence in the
'70s with his albums Catch a Fire, Rastaman Vibration and Exodus.
An outspoken champion of racial equality and social justice,
Marley was also a tireless promoter of Rastafarianism, the pro-African
sect whose followers grow their hair into long, matted dreadlocks
and smoke marijuana, or ganja, as part of a religious rite.
</p>
<p> After Marley died of a brain tumor in 1981 at 36, a new generation
of Trenchtown youths began to forge a harder, denser style of
reggae called dancehall. Reflecting the desperate times in Kingston's
ghettos, dancehall lyrics were charged with angry diatribes
glorifying guns, drugs and sex, and sung often in a fast, talky
style called "toasting." On Minute to Pray, Mad Cobra warns,
"Original bad boy have no mercy/ Original bad boy run the country/
Them get a minute to pray and a second to die...We no miss
the target."
</p>
<p> By the late '80s, dance hall had reached the U.S., where it
found its audience in the growing legions of hip-hop fans who
earlier had been put off by reggae's relatively laid-back vibes.
Armed with hip-hop's sexually suggestive stance and a souped-up,
aggressive beat, dancehall performers like Snow, Shabba Ranks
and Shaggy have reinvigorated the music and muscled their way
up the U.S. charts.
</p>
<p> "Dancehall has a real excitement and tension to it," says Chris
Blackwell, the founder of Island Records, who signed Bob Marley
to the label in 1972. Says Tiger, whose dancehall album, Claws
of the Cat, was just released: "It's not just the roots and
Rastafarian thing anymore."
</p>
<p> As dancehall moves deeper into the mainstream, adventurous musicians
are blending its syncopated beat with hard-core rap, funk and
even techno. "Dancehall has been like a fertilizer," says Maxine
Stowe, an executive at Columbia Records. Still, there are those
who wonder if the style may have reached its creative peak.
"I don't expect dance hall will have the longevity of the early
roots music," says Blackwell. Maybe not, but diehards can take
heart from Bob Marley, who may have uttered the last word on
reggae when he sang, "Check out the real situation...No
one can stop them now!"
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>